Mixtures of letters and numbers, such as L8 for late, GR8 for great, 2 meaning to/too, B4 for before, etc. Omitting and/or replacing letters which best enable those remaining to convey the full word, often also for euphonic reasons (i.e., the sound is pleasing to speak/hear) or otherwise clever phonetically (how it sounds), or clever visually - forĮxample: bike for bicycle, or fridge for refrigerator, or pram for perambulator (perambulate means walk, formally or amusingly), or BBQ for barbecue, or SFX for sound effects - and in more recent years especially in electronic messaging using Omitting some or all the vowels of the word or words - for example, Rd for Road, or St for Street, or Saint, or Dr instead of Doctor, or Mr instead of Mister, or Sgt instead of Sergeant, Or SWALK for sealed with a loving kiss, (the latter two also technically being Using the initial letter(s) of a multi-word name or phrase - for example, BBC for British Broadcasting Corporation, or SA for South Africa, or ATM for automated teller machine, TV for television, CD for compact disc or LOL for laughing out loud This can be done by various methods, notably: 'a' are using the 'a' prefix in this way. , with various meanings, seen in different stages of word developmentįrom various languages, notably including the meanings: 'to', 'towards', 'on', 'at', 'of', or to express intensity, or being in a state of., etc., for example afoot, awake, accursed, abreast, ajar, announce, etc. Or 'Woman A has been married for 5 years woman B has been.' Where the speaker/writer finds it easier not to use the actual word/words, for example and especially in phrases such as 'My car simply gets me from A to B', or 'Tit-for-tat is when person A hits person B, and so person B hits person A in return', usually capitalized, 'A' is a common substitute word or This use of the word a is derived from old English 'an', which is a version of 'one'. , which is 'the definite article') - for example 'A bird fell out of the sky', or 'Muddy children need a bath'. 'a' is grammatically/technically 'the indefinite article' (compared with the word Listing of terms for grammatical, literary, language, vocal and written effects Note that many of these words have meanings outside of language and grammar, and those alternative non-linguistic definitions are generally not included in this glossary. Others are not essential, but certainly help to make language and communications more interesting, textured and alive - and when language does this, it captivates, entertainsĪnd moves audiences more, which is definitely important for professional communicators. Some of these language terms and effects are vital for good communications. Knowing these and many other aspects of linguistics can dramatically assist our overall understanding of language, including new words, even foreign words, which we might never have seen before. The study and awareness of linguistics helps us to know ourselves and others - why we speak and write in different ways how language develops and how so many words and ways of speaking from different languages share the same roots and origins.Īlso, our technical appreciation of language is a big help to understanding language more widely, and particularly word meanings that we might not have encountered before. Gives us major insights as to motives, personalities, needs, etc. in addition to the language we use - is crucial for effective communications and understanding. Far more feeling and mood is conveyed in the way that words are put together and pronounced - whether for inspiration, motivation, amusement, leadership, persuasion, justification, clarification or any other There are very many different effects of written and spoken language. To improve understanding and interpretation of the meaning of To develop variety, sensitivity, style and effectiveness in your own use of language - written and spoken - for all sorts of communications, whatever your purposes, and To understand the different effects of written and spoken language - what they are called, from a technical or study standpoint, This glossary of linguistics, literary and grammatical terms is aimed to be helpful for writers, speakers, teachers and communicators of all sorts, in addition to students and teachers of the English language seeking: A Glossary of Grammatical Terminology, Definitions and Examples - Sounds and Literary Effects in Language, Speaking, Writing, Poetry.
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